To understand how CB - and other HF services 'skip' - you need to understand the basics of how HF propagation works. See this
article in our wiki and click on the AE4RV link in the writeup. It will get you started.
Skip right now on 27 mhz actually can happen when a brief period of ionization in our E layers comes up - happens sporadically during the fall and winter months. Beyond that, until the cycle starts to rev up again, it won't be happening all that much. There's just not enough solar activity to sustain it.
I haven't heard of it interfering with public safety stuff, but then again, during the last big solar cycle, a lot of folks weren't on 800 at that time, so if they were getting into TV frequencies, then yes, it's possible that some public service stuff was also impacted. Keep in mind that the lower VHF TV channels (2-6 or 7) encompass the VHF high band, where a lot of PS stuff used to hang out (in some places, still does)
73s Mike