I would say that by far the best cable (lowest loss) would be 6 1/8 " rigid coax such as the kind listed here -->
http://www.psibroadcast.com/coax-rc.asp
Now that the "best" and "lowest loss" cable question is answered, let's get to the real question here. What coax should be used to make a 3' patch cable?
Without knowing any specifics, such as frequency or base vs hand-held scanner, I'd say that any decent RG-58 would do the job. It would be very minimal loss at that length and flexible enough to do minimal damage to the scanner's connector. Now if it's a base scanner and flexibility isn't as much of an issue, RG-8, RG-213, or 9913 would also be good choices.
In actuality, at a three-foot length, the quality of job installing the connectors will do more to create loss than the type of coax used (assuming you don't just try any old junk or be foolish and use RG-174).