The front microphone jack on these CDM series radios is an RJ-48, 10 pin jack. The outer two pins (1 & 10) are used by the telephone style handsets for received audio. It'll be a low speaker level, but you should be able to pick up audio there. I've never used a handset with any of mine, so this is from prior research. I do believe there is a setting in CPS where you tell it what kind of microphone you are using. That -could- turn the received audio on/off at the mic jack, so if it doesn't work, that -might- be the issue.
You can also pick up received audio off the rear 20 pin connector. You can use the older 16 pin connectors on these just fine, you won't miss anything useful on the two outer sets of pins.
Speaker Audio is on Pins 1 & 16 (don't ground either one)
Flat RX Audio is on Pin 11 with Pin 7 as the ground