Do not know about other states, but Indiana law states specifically "police radio" and also specifically exempts hams. In Indiana, it is even against the law to have a hand held scanner outside of your house, even on your own property, unless you have a ham license. Here is a copy of Indiana code verbatim:
IC 35-44-3-12
Unlawful use of a police radio; exemptions; "police radio" defined
Sec. 12. (a) A person who knowingly or intentionally:
(1) possesses a police radio;
(2) transmits over a frequency assigned for police emergency purposes;
or
(3) possesses or uses a police radio:
(A) while committing a crime;
(B) to further the commission of a crime; or
(C) to avoid detection by a law enforcement agency;
commits unlawful use of a police radio, a Class B misdemeanor.
(b) Subsection (a)(1) and (a)(2) do not apply to:
(1) a governmental entity;
(2) a regularly employed law enforcement officer;
(3) a common carrier of persons for hire whose vehicles are used in
emergency service;
(4) a public service or utility company whose vehicles are used in
emergency service;
(5) a person who has written permission from the chief executive
officer of a law enforcement agency to possess a police radio;
(6) a person who holds an amateur radio license issued by the Federal
Communications Commission if the person is not transmitting over
a frequency assigned for police emergency purposes;
(7) a person who uses a police radio only in the person's dwelling or
place of business;
(8) a person:
(A) who is regularly engaged in newsgathering activities;
(B) who is employed by a newspaper qualified to receive legal
advertisements under IC 5-3-1, a wire service, or a licensed
commercial or public radio or television station; and
(C) whose name is furnished by his employer to the chief
executive officer of a law enforcement agency in the county
in which the employer's principal office is located;
(9) a person engaged in the business of manufacturing or selling
police radios; or
(10) a person who possesses or uses a police radio during the normal
course of the person's lawful business.
(c) As used in this section, "police radio" means a radio that is capable
of sending or receiving signals transmitted on frequencies assigned
by the Federal Communications Commission for police emergency
purposes and that:
(1) can be installed, maintained, or operated in a vehicle; or
(2) can be operated while it is being carried by an individual.
The term does not include a radio designed for use only in a dwelling.
As added by Acts 1977, P.L.342, SEC.1. Amended by P.L.162-1994, SEC.1