All the replies so far haven't exactly been low profile simply because such a mobile antenna doesn't exist to my knowledge. It's a combination of physics and lack of demand from low band users for such antennas.
The only remote option for a low profile antenna near that range would be to attempt to modify and electrically shorten a compact CB antenna. I can't imagine this would be very successful due to the low quality at the CB price point. And then you would have a CB antenna on your truck...
I think your best bet is to get the longest antenna you're comfortable with, put it has high up on the vehicle as possible, with the best ground plane possible. I imagine if the CHP relies on this system as their primary communications then the infrastructure is well built out and you'll be able to hear them even with a compromised setup.
RE. the submarine. I have no experience with such an antenna but my guess is the design relied heavily on being part of a large metal hull submersed in salt water, and may not be practical on a car or truck.