In reality, the FCC has no time, no budget, no real concern with illegal use and will do nothing UNLESS someone files a complaint. Preferably lots of people filing lots of complaints with lots of details. And then when they get around to the bottom of the priority list...Yes, they do issue notices of violation. You can find those published on the ARRL site and other web sources. Sometimes they slap someone for $20,000. Sometimes they take all the radio equipment and sometimes, they dismiss everything.
The thing is, illegal radio use is rolling the dice. If you are discreet, if you are not interfering, if you are in a remote location and you're not overheard...You can get away with it.
What was Dirty Harry's line? "Do you feel lucky, kid?"