The New Madrid seismic zone takes in parts of at least five states: Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee. One of the largest earthquakes ever to strike in North America was centered at New Madrid, Missouri, during a series of temblors in the winter of 1811-1812. One was estimated at magnitude 7.5 and rang church bells in Boston.
"Historically, this area has been the site of perhaps the largest earthquakes in the conterminous United States. At least three catastrophic earthquakes, with surface-wave magnitudes estimated at greater than 8.0, occurred during the winter of 1811 and 1812. Thousands of aftershocks followed these gigantic quakes throughout the spring and remainder of 1812. The New Madrid Seismic Zone derives its name from the town of New Madrid, Missouri. New Madrid was the closest settlement to the epicenters of the 1811-1812 quakes. It was reported, by eyewitness accounts, that the settlement of New Madrid was totally destroyed. Many of the larger cities, such as St. Louis, Missouri, were only sparsely populated during this time period, and consequently they did not suffer tremendous damage. Several of the largest seismic events were felt throughout much of the central U.S. and along many Atlantic coast cities."