It sort of depends on your skill level. You need to be cautious about purchasing used stuff. I was going to suggest finding a used CB antenna at a garage sale or flea market, but that might not be such a good idea. It's easy to find one, but the chances of it being damaged are high enough that it's probably not a good idea for someone who does not have a lot of experience trouble shooting these sorts of things.
In that case, I'd recommend getting something new, it will save you a lot of headaches.
There are a number of options, and others will likely be able to provide some good recommendations.
For a dedicated low band base antenna:
http://www.theantennafarm.com/catalog/laird-technologies-crs-series-4404.html
That should work pretty well on the 150-169 frequencies as well.
You could also do this:
Mobile antenna:
http://www.theantennafarm.com/catalog/laird-technologies-c40-695.html
with the base station adapter:
http://www.theantennafarm.com/catalog/laird-technologies-mbcn-7531.html
Either of these antennas will work on the VHF (150-169) range you mentioned. If you plan on using UHF, 700 or 800MHz, you might want to consider one of the discone style antennas that have the center whip specifically designed for the low band frequencies. I'm not a big fan of discones, but some like them.
You can always make your own antenna. With some scrap wire, it isn't too hard.
The type of antenna you decide on depends on what you feel comfortable installing. Some of the low band antennas can be pretty big and need sturdy mounts. Also, any restrictions based on your neighbors should be considered.
As for coaxial cable:
It really depends on how long the cable run is. The longer the cable run is, the more signal will be lost in the cable. If you have a short run, less than 25 feet or so, basic RG-58 would work fine on low band and the VHF band. Anything much longer than that and you need to step up to something bigger. RG-8, while generally hated by most, will work fine for 50 foot runs or so, especially on these lower frequencies. Longer than 50 feet? You really should be stepping up to LMR-400. If you ever plan on going into the higher frequencies, like UHF, 700, 800MHz, then LMR-600 or 1/2" heliax would be recommended to get the most signal to your scanner. There is always something bigger and better, so you have to decide based on your budget.
As for connecting it to your scanner….
If you are using something like RG-58, you can connect directly to the radio using either an adapter, or get the cable custom built with the correct connectors to match the antenna and the radio.
If you are using something larger, like RG-8, LMR-400, LMR-600, heliax, etc. you really want to use a short flexible jumper to make the connection to the radio. These larger cables can be pretty stiff and can easily damage the radios connector. You can find short, pre-made sections of RG-54, LMR-200, etc. with connectors to match your radio.
Whatever you do, make sure you seal the antenna connection really well. You should also consider lightning protection and grounding to protect your radio and your home.