It used to be a seperate IC that was a complete frequency counter that you could buy for $5. Probably the same in Unidens latest scanners. They are not so sensitive and needs a clean signal to be able to count a frequency. That's why Uniden says youi'll need to have 15-20dB difference between the signal and other RF sources.
I guess they open up all antenna frequency filters at the same time, the ones you specify in the closecall configuration, when they check if they get a steady count from the IC chip. You will get a huge increase in range if you put a narrow filter between antenna and scanner but only a FM broadcast filter will also help a lot. Any extra filtering outside of the frequencies you plan to closecall will improve its performance.
/Ubbe