How Two Young Amateur Radio Operators Provided a Vital Stateside Communication Link to Antarctica

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ladn

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Long before SATCOMs, HF amateur radio helped an Antarctic team of scientists and Navymen keep in touch with home.

The eleven nations included in the Antarctic portion of the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year created several permanent research stations, including the first permanent station at the South Pole. The effort to create a permanent scientific presence at, literally, the end of the earth required enormous effort of scientists and military personnel. Aided, uniquely, by a couple of teenagers from New Jersey.


The world of long distance communication has changed a lot in the ensuing 60+ years, but I suspect a lot of amateur radio operators still fantasize over projects like this. :D
 

trentbob

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Long before SATCOMs, HF amateur radio helped an Antarctic team of scientists and Navymen keep in touch with home.

The eleven nations included in the Antarctic portion of the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year created several permanent research stations, including the first permanent station at the South Pole. The effort to create a permanent scientific presence at, literally, the end of the earth required enormous effort of scientists and military personnel. Aided, uniquely, by a couple of teenagers from New Jersey.


The world of long distance communication has changed a lot in the ensuing 60+ years, but I suspect a lot of amateur radio operators still fantasize over projects like this. :D
What a great thread Rodger. For those who don't know, Rodger was a longtime newspaper man like myself, me working on the east coast and him working on the west Coast during the same era.

I'm a subscriber to the history guy and watch his videos all the time on YouTube.

As I began reading your post I thought wouldn't it be great if Lauri saw this... It's been a few weeks! And there she was. :sneaky:

Great topic. I look forward to the replies and discussion.
 

trentbob

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What a great service these brothers performed for the explorers in the late 50s during operation deep freeze. It's amazing to hear how smart Jules was even as an eight-year-old child. Sure many of us played with crude Crystal radios when we we were very young but we didn't go on to be so creative and intelligent.

It seems with some famous people like Einstein, Edison and Marconi it just naturally comes to them. There is no one smarter than them to teach them. It just seems like it's just there.

You have to wonder if there wasn't such a structured, rather sophisticated communication system what the success of operation deep freeze would be especially with regard to the morale and mental health of the crews. They faced many challenges, even death and being able to talk to their families and even hear the funnies, I'm sure made all the difference.

I get a kick out of Jules inventing E-ZPass LOL. When I get a chance I'm going to research this more and see what else I can find out. The more I read the more interesting this is.
 
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Amundsen-Scott.jpg

It seems like yesterday but it was (quite) a few years ago that I paid a short visit to the actual South Pole--- Amundsen-Scott base. One thing I was instantly aware of - this is truly the ends of the earth ! Today there is satelitte communications, but bandwidth is limited- still a far cry from the days of IGY.

Noted for ham radio operators- KC4AAA was not operational on my visit, but an interesting little twist for anyone wanting to operate a US Antarctic station--- no operator's license is required. Someone responsible will check you out, kind'a like this:

" Uh huh , that's the switch that turns on the radio-------yes, the one with the big dial,...... then you push the button on the microphone to.... oh Hell !! Lauri, you know how these things work..... have fun !...... :giggle: "

________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Interested in a good mystery ?.... this is sort'a off topic but was a lively discussion issue when I was there (and the bottle was being passed)-- -


Just what happened to him ?......

If you read the story you'll appreciate how my questioning self felt when the Jim came around and I was told

"Why the questioning face Lauri , --- its really, truly 100% pure Jim Beam" :)


Lauri


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trentbob

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In addition to being a lifelong newspaper man I'm also a Registered Nurse, getting my RN BSN 4 year degree right out of high school and then my 3 year public health degree. Mostly worked medical-surgical in hospitals but also worked in drug and alcohol treatment, detox. Public Health, infection control. Always worked two jobs until going over to journalism full time.

I have a theory. An intelligent guy like that would not commit suicide by ingesting methanol. At that level of education he knows it's a slow painful death. There are better ways of doing it.

He told the doctor he hadn't drank for 2 days before getting so sick. Let's say his personality and type of humor did rub somebody the wrong way. Maybe someone was jealous over his close relationship with his girl, someone who had designs on her?

Since methanol was apparently all over the place because it was used in the observatory it would be easy for someone to drop 30 cc's of methanol in his drink. It wouldn't be noticed, especially if it was... Jeff Daniels... neat.

A real "whodunit" ;)
 
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Ah ! An interesting mystery, no ?
It did provide the substance for an entertaining evening-- and the theory that he was murder'd was on the top of the list.
As the evening went on we Sherlocks came to a much tamer conclusion, however. And here's what we concluded (we had not much more information than was presented in that article.)

Ok, here goes---

Rodney Marks was known to be a heavy drinker- a described 'binge drinker' by his associates- and in our book he was thus an alcoholic. Alcoholics give terrible accountings, for a myriad of reasons, on the amounts and frequency of their alcohol consumption. I have a friend who is a recovered alcoholic who now works as a substance counselor.... she will say that these people are horrible historians- for what ever reasons- and Rodney may well have forgotten he 'had a drink' more recently than 2 days previous (and at least 150ml at that.) The doctor who treated him seems to have not delved into this further..... but as any good physician knows, a good history is paramount to a correct diagnosis. But that aside, the acute abdominal pains, vomiting and especially the visual disturbances all pointed to some sort of poisoning.

The-then current station doctor was in on this discussion---


"Was there no inquiry about Mark's occupational exposure to certain chemical agents ?"

.....(Duh !-- my comment) --

"...this poor guy worked with solvents.... !!!"

Mark's workshop was described as cluttered with bottle of various liquids- many solvents and alcohols used to clean the telescopes. It was our contention he mistakenly 'took a hit' off what he mistakenly thought was ethanol but in fact was methyl alcohol. +150ml's of Methanol would work fast and would have been consistent with the interval between the onset of symptoms and his death.
We ask the station doctor what could have been done if this methanol poisoning was diagnosis'd early.....

".....Here at this station, not much. There is a drug used as 'antidote' but we don't have it --- dialysis is used in acute cases- impossible here, .....but surprisingly drinking large qualities of regular alcohol is a traditional treatment *"

Our conclusion...... Poor Rodney Marks accidentally poisoned himself. Whether a quick intervention by the station's doctor could have saved him is questionable--but it was mis-diagnosed with tragic consequences.*

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Keeping, or trying to stay on the topic of radio-- has anyone ever thought about such things when on "DX-pedtions", or working off in some far flung corner of the world ?.....I did. My team always took along 'body bags".... though we never discussed what were in 'those footlockers.'

____________________________________________


Another little aside, it was the methanol poisoning that killed thousands and blinded even more during Prohibition that was a major factor in the law's repeal.
"Don't drink wood alcohol !"





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Lauri





*competition for alcohol dehydrogenase in the breakdown of the methanol to formaldehyde allowing time for the kidneys to excrete it un-alter'd . (Fomepizole is the antidotal drug, btw)



** I am not being holier than thou about this. I once accidental filled a kerosene lamp with a mixture of kerosene and gasoline---from an unmarked can- (another story.....groan)--I was lucky I didn't blow up a cabin in a fire-y holocaust.

"Oh My, Lauri ! That lamp is burning ever so Bright !"..................


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trentbob

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The plot thickens... I would actually like to Circle back (I use this term facetiously as it is quite a buzz in Washington much to the frustration of the Washington press Corps) but I would like to circle back and tie this story in with the topic of the thread. I have some curiosities.

As far as this poor man's demise, it's always more exciting to go in the direction of murder than a clumsy mistake by by someone who was routinely killing brain cells at a high rate.

I agree that a different physician at the time who saw past the likely poor history could have made a difference, or could it.

Yes, if he was properly diagnosed, hemodialysis, not peritoneal dialysis would be a solution which would require inserting a permacath into the vena cava in the OR and starting an aggressive treatment ASAP. Of course an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor could have worked. This is kind of right up my alley. Believe it or not I treated more overdoses of antifreeze than I did wood alcohol LOL.

Just as an interesting note, when treating alcohol psychosis/ withdrawal or delirium tremors we actually used paraldehyde injections back in the 70s... 5 cc's in each cheek intramuscularly. We had to use glass syringes and metal needles that we would autoclave and reuse. Plastic would quickly melt. You could smell the paraldehyde on the patient's breath in no time as they basically passed out for a very extended time. Very close vital signs were monitored of course.

So I'm curious, being so far away from the mainstream the risks are high if you become critically ill or suffer a traumatic injury. Communication certainly has improved since the days of these New Jersey brothers. Also, the resources to reach the bases have greatly improved.

So the brothers could also assist with medical emergencies when they happened or was that just fruitless.

What were the chances of Rodney Marks in his day? He would have had to be airlifted to a equipped Hospital. Maybe they could just drop some forepizole in by parachute.

What would be the chances of someone in today's world, what would be the procedure? What would the procedure have been in the late 50s with project deep freeze? Assuming the brothers were able to make the proper connections. I would think back then the patient would be SOL.
 
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Smiles --- a nice "circle back" ;)

I am not so sure just how effective an emergency ham radio 'phone patch would have been in the 1950'. After all, as gallant as those brothers were, they had no provisions for data telemetry (radiographs, live EKG's.....) and even if they could connect with specialists- just how much could the scant antarctic medical crew do with their limited resources for any major issue.
Think of the connection path - QSB, QRN...auroras... We must also keep in mind the logistics of a medical evacuation. During a south pole winter there is no flights in or out for months at a time...temperatures drop to below 100 degrees below zero F.-- storms rage and it is perpetual inky-black night 24 hours a day
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It was a few years ago, but this story still resonates with me. And like Rodney Marks, this was a quitely discussed topic on frigid, blizzard-y nights.

Her name was Jerri Lin Nielsen and she was an American physician with years of ER experience. She was the sole medical provider at the Admunsen-Scott south pole station when, discovering she had an aggressively developing breast tumour, she had to self-treated herself until she could be evacuated safely. It was in the middle of the worst time of year-- the Antarctic winter.

Sounds scary, no ? Well, add to the mix the best qualified person there to do a needle biposy was a welder. He practiced sticking oranges with a biopsy needle until he felt confident.
I won't give away the rest of the story, but how she fared involved some very brave individuals. **

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------------------------

When I visited the south pole station there was one physician and a PA (physician's assistant.)

"So guy's, how many appendectomy's have you done ?"

-------------------------

To the north is McMurdo Base ...it is like a small city with an impressive medical facility and resources, both physical and personnel....but its still hour's flight away from a major medical centre in New Zealand--- and that's during good weather.
-----------All things considered, we stayed relatively close to McMurdo.... just in case.

______________________________________________

My view, ham radio value at remote sites today is for welfare and morale- with the added benefit of emergency communications if the 'S' really 'HTF.' There is no gainsaying that the crews during IGY and for years after all appreciated ham radio.

There was a season I worked on a remote atoll in the Marshall Islands. In the late afternoon we (my guys too)...used to have almost daily sked's with a cook at Admunsen -Scott station on 20 metre's***

This was in the dead of Antarctic winter

Often her 'radio shack' would be filled with others of her fellow 'winter over" crew who just wanted to talk to "the ladies on the tropical islands" -- The morale value of those chats can never be under estimated. :giggle:


boys-life-jan-1959(1)a.jpg

(yes I know, I posted this before, but where better than here to see this again ? :giggle: )


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Lauri



** https://www.independent.co.uk/news/...or-cancer-while-at-the-south-pole-1746131.htm

*** we used 14,345KHz, LSB and never ID'd least as a KC4 and a KX6 we would never have a private QSO--- with all the DX hunters. ;)


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opps---- bad media link

try this instead:



 

trentbob

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Yeppers Lauri, interesting about the total block out during the severe winter. For a good part of their time the explorers who established the bases in the mid to late 50s were SOL for certain parts of the year regardless of the communication set up by "the brothers" but I reiterate the value of their ability to make contact with loved ones. Made all the difference in the world.

The inherent danger of what these folks were doing was not known better than them themselves.

A good parody would be... long time space travel. I have no doubt comparisons have already been studied.

Love this atypical discussion on RR. I would like to see more people chime in. I know you're out there. :sneaky:
 

mmckenna

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A good parody would be... long time space travel. I have no doubt comparisons have already been studied.

Kind of what I was thinking, too.

You don't grab average Joe out of the local Starbucks and send him to Antarctica. You want a human that knows how to handle themselves, mature, educated, and hopefully not likely to be a liability. I'd be interested to know what the requirements are. I'd suspect there would be some level of psychological exam before sending someone down there, not to mention passing a pretty through physical.

Consider the guys on Apollo 13. They were absolutely stuck and had to rely on their own skills plus help at the end of a long radio path (with blackout) to get home. Not a place where you want to discover your coworker is a useless person when things don't go by the plan.

A few years back I was helping resolve some RF interference issues that were impacting a research study. I was talking to the lead researcher and she was also doing some work up in Alaska. She said they had a hard time finding people that had a wide breadth of technical knowledge, not necessarily experts, but someone who could wield a smoke wrench as well as troubleshoot a radio installation, phone line, or replace a fuel filter on a generator up there. I was sort of offered a job, but my wife would not have been amused. I probably should have taken it anyway…. Major issue they had was finding people that were not a liability and could handle the unique environment. "One trick ponies" are usually a liability in situations like that.


Back in my younger years when I was employed in the nations finest seagoing service, I was stationed on a ship out of Kodiak. Our primary mission was installing, repairing and maintaining aids to navigation from Kodiak all the way out to the actual "I can see Russia from here" places, plus whatever else they needed us for. It was a wonderful job and I learned a lot, but it was not a place for people that frightened easily, or were less than useful when things went wrong. There were a lot of young guys fresh out of high school and basic training that absolutely did not belong in that sort of environment. Some of them were just not quite ready. Some of them likely never would be ready. Many of them became a liability and were quickly removed from the unit. Some of those situations didn't end well. Alcohol was often used by some of those guys as a self medication. Again, didn't usually end well. Having people like that would not be an option for Antarctic duty.

You really have to appreciate those first guys that went down there. I'm sure they were hand selected.

Some really good videos on Youtube of the Operation High Jump stuff.
 
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