With my new setup could I ground it by attaching my mast to one of my steel fence post that is about 2 feet deep?
No.
Grounding needs to be done per National Electric Code. Running a random piece of wire to a metal fence post isn't even close.
A couple of things to consider, though:
National Electric Code is for human safety. Grounding per NEC (or a fence post) isn't going to prevent damage.
Direct lightning strikes, if that is what really happened, will do damage. There is no way around it in the hobby world.
Even an indirect strike will induce enough energy into the antenna, coax, mast, etc. to do a lot of damage to your radio.
Even a bunch of static electricity will do damage.
If you are going to ground the antenna, you need to do it per NEC for human safety. Grounding your antenna to a fence post while your home is grounded to a proper ground rod, can result in difference of potential that can be problematic/dangerous.
Other option:
When you are not using the scanner and you even slightly expect there to be a lightning storm, disconnect the coax and pull it back out of the house. And then hope the lightning doesn't hit some other part of your home.