IMHO it wasn't a problem with security. As an ex ship's Radio Officer, the main problem with trying to make phone calls on HF was propagation, especially on the North Atlantic where rapid fades and lightning crashes made good quality nearly impossible. We strived to get a good duplex link even across bands but often simplex was all that was useable. Then you had to explain to the punter that you had to say "over" etc - often this was too hard for them to understand! You had to book your call with the shore operator and hazard a guess what conditions were going to be like, even getting people out of their cabins in the wee small hours when conditions were good! When VHF came common in the 60's it was wonderful - with 100watts up on the highest mast you could work all the way up the coast to Newfoundland and only two days later started getting into Northern Ireland at Cork.
From a security point of view, we warned the user's that anyone could listen in, although on good links we had a rudimentary speech inverter. I left before the satellite's went up, now they don't even have Radio Officers, only an Electronics Officer - poor sod!