Highway Patrol Alert
http://www.radioreference.com/forums/showthread.php?t=32895
This thread asks the same question and has most of your answers there.
To specifically answer your questions (I hate it when people write "see this link" and give not further explanation or input):
Most highway patrol agencies that have this feature utilize a mobile extender. The car (mobile) and base station radio system is on one band (frequency/frequencies) and the officer's handheld (HT) radio is on another band (frequency/frequencies). For example, CHP uses frequencies in the 42-45 MHz range for their statewide system, but utilizes 154.905 MHz for the mobile extender. The mobile extender is used when the officer gets out of the car. He/she turns on the mobile extender, allowing his/her handheld to link up with his car radio via the mobile extender. Being the HT is low power, you can only pick up the frequency within about five miles (depending on terrain and other factors), normally about three miles. This is not done for "scanners'" benefits, but is a result of the low power of the HT communicating with the car radio. The car radio transmissions are rebroadcast on the mobile extender channel and the HT receives these transmissions. The same works in reverse, the officer can transmit on his/her HT and the communication is rebroadcast on the car's higher power radio. However, the mobile extender device transmits with more power (watts) than the HT, allowing the officer to hear transmissions even if he/she somehow gets out of the range their HT is able to transmit. A mobile extender is basically a "cross-band repeater."
Highway Patrol Alert systems in scanners use the HT frequency of highway patrol agencies. It monitors for that frequency for any transmissions, and when one is detected, it goes to that frequency (channel on the scanner), flashes a light, and alerts via an audible alarm.
This same process can be duplicated on most scanners, with some variations. First, the scanner should have the ability to assign a channel as priority - most scanners can do this. Second, the channel can be assigned as an alert - only some scanners have this capability.
Assign the highway patrol mobile extender frequency/frequencies for your state to one or more of these priority channels. Then, if the scanner has it, assign that/those priority channel(s) with an alert and set that alert to whatever volume level you want - my alerts for this purpose are on the highest volume settings. Now activate those priority channels as part of your normal scan. When the channel goes to one of those priority channels, you should be within range of a mobile extender of the highway patrol unit. Note: in large metropolitan areas, you may always be within range of a highway patrol car, such as where I live in Los Angeles. Also note that this only works if the highway patrol officer activates the mobile extender, otherwise there will be no transmissions. Officers usually only activate the mobile extender when they get out of their patrol cars, but have been known on occasion to leave it on accidentally). Note: most highway patrol HTs contain other frequencies (channels) as well as the mobile extender, and those frequencies can be programmed as "highway patrol alert" channels on your scanner as well because the same concept applies (if an officer is using one of those radios and you can hear it on your scanner, your are close to him/her). The other channels may be a different CTCSS settings for the same frequency, access to other agencies (police, fire, state, federal, or locally set for the area the officers patrols), Mutual Aid, tactical, HT to HT, etc.
This whole concept is typically true whenever any HT radio is transmitting in simplex mode as well. Simplex is when the radio is not using a repeater (more powerful radio on a hill top, building top, etc., with a much larger antenna) in duplex or semi-duplex mode to communicate. Duplex and semi-duplex will take more explaining - some other time (just know that your phone is full duplex - hear and talk at the same time). So when you hear a radio in simplex mode, it is more than likely pretty close to your location. Examples of this use would be officers or a team on a stake out using a simplex channel in order to avoid transmitting their communications on the entire radio system. This may be done on a normal channel, a tactical channel, or even on a non-published frequency (hey, I have seen it done).
I have a BCT-7 (BCT-8's predecessor). I have programmed my new Uniden BCD-396T as I described above and the only difference is that there is no flashing light when the alert alarm goes off. It works great.
I hope that this helps and is not too much info.
