I also use that cable, and I have used it with Windows 10 (although I try not to use Win10). It did require a new driver (ftdichip.com). I've run into so many issues getting these cables to work under Win10, it's tough to direct you where to go. Here's what I'd do.
Forget connecting the cable to the scanner. We only need to plug in the USB end. Have Device Manager open in Windows. Plug in the cable. Once it is discovered, UNINSTALL it. Then unplug the cable. Plug it in again. If it finds the cable, UNINSTALL it. Unplug it again. Keep doing that until it does not "automatically" find the cable. Once you plug the cable in, and it is NOT discovered, tell it to install the driver that you just obtained from FTDI. If it works, fine. If not, don't be afraid to unplug and re-plug. In the course of this process I recall also rebooting the computer once to make sure nothing is left in memory before installing the correct driver.
What I've seen happen is multiple drivers are installed. It's like one on top of the other. What I found works is getting all the drivers uninstalled so I can install ONLY the correct one. YMMV.