My Realistic DX394 only tuned in one direction, no matter which direction you turned the tuning knob (this was after it had been unused for several years).
I tried taking it apart to attempt to fix it -- no dice, you need to custom grind a socket to extract the tuning mechanism). Finally, I decided to try to shoot tuner cleaner down the side of the shaft, after noticing that there was a little bit of play in the shaft, and figuring that there was enough room for cleaner to get into the mechanism. This was after I had verified that the tuner encoder (tuning knob mechanism) was a mechanical one and not optical.
It tuner cleaner trick worked. So with some radios this can be a fix. The thinking (at least my own thinking on this) is that if one of the tines inside the mechanism gets oxidized, the CPU thinks the tuner is only moving in one direction. The cleaner removes the oxidation (along with exercising it to get the cleaner on the surfaces of the interior tines), and the CPU now 'sees' the tuner encoder moving in both directions.
If your radio has an optical encoder, of course, you don't want to use tuner cleaner. But all my radios with rotary encoders (DX394, DX398, DX390, etc.) have mechanical ones, either the ones with the little contacts or a potentiometer (DX390).