The TRX-2 External Speaker jack on the back of the scanner (not the front headphone jack) is a straight connection to the audio amplifier. No additional resistors are added to the circuit. When you plug in a MONO (two conductor) jack, the internal speaker is disconnected. This is as simple as it gets. Headphone jacks are usually STEREO and have resistors to match headphones, as well as protect against damaging your hearing if you accidentally have the volume turned up high.
The audio amplifier specification on the TRX-2 is only 500mW (half Watt) at 8 Ohms, and may not drive external speakers rated for high wattage hard enough to move enough "air", which is what speakers do. The internal speaker is rated at 8 Ohms, and can handle up to 1.5 Watts (three times the amplifier output). This is just overhead, and has nothing to do with any "extra" volume although, a 1.5 Watt rated speaker would probably move more air than a 15 Watt rated speaker. High wattage speakers want to be driven harder.
Speaker "efficiency" has everything to do with actual "volume". In the days when specifications were important enough to be printed, we would look for the highest SPL (sound pressure level) dB output at rated impedance (8 Ohms in this case) with 1 Watt as the reference amplifier output. The greater the dB level, the louder the speaker. Not all speakers are the same. Some deliver, and some don't. And playing games with 2 or 4 Ohm speakers to obtain higher volume only jeopardizes blowing out the scanner audio amplifier (not a good idea).
Given the low output of the TRX-2 amplifier, looking for a "good sounding" speaker with the highest SPL dB output is the answer to getting sufficient volume. Using the excellent AGC feature (especially on digital signals) will smooth out the vast variances in system/operator misuse. That is one great thing Whistler has over Uniden (AGC that actually works...and works very well). As far as Audio Boost, I use it for primary channels that I want to be a "cut above" the other channels. It works well for that.
Stick with 8 Ohm external speakers, and try lower wattage ratings to (hopefully) produce more efficiency in output volume. If you can compare dB ratings for 1 Watt SPL, go with the highest dB number you can. That is what you need to get the volume.
Phil