Oringally posted by karldotcom
Well, I think the guy manning the CP at that time was a deputy...he called it a skirmish line.... (as in Mobile Field Force)
OK, that explains it. A Sheriff's deputy in southern California where not a lot is known about avalanches, who probably has or has been around people with military experience, used the only words he had in his experience to describe the situation. In avalanche work a "probe line" is formed using a few or dozens of people each equipped with an avalanche probe. This probe can be made of a couple of different materials, the best being carbon, which are generally not stockpiled in quantity, or from high grade bamboo. The former packs up in a bag with shock cords running through the center of 18-36 inch segments, which pop together similar to a tent pole. The latter is often shortened to "boo" to gain brevity in radio communications.
Dogs trained to alert on human scents are generally used in conjunction with probes. The probe holes allow more bodily gasses to reach the surface, allowing quicker and more definitive hits by the dogs. Probe lines rarely involve a rescue as the situation has reached the recovery stage at that point. Most of the longer term avalanche rescues I'm familiar with have involved the victim being located within structure debris or in a vehicle.
I once worked an S & R where the initial response was expected to be a recovery as this avalanche had blown apart a three story house, with a basement, into such a state that resembled the results of a large bomb. Conditions were far too hazardous to even reach the house for three days to see if it was even standing. Two of us from the Forest Service had been requested by the county to respond to this private land residence to assist cutting framing and other construction materials up to facilitate digging debris out of the basement. A probe line staffed by Marines from the nearby Mountain Warfare Training Center, along with a couple of avalanche dogs, had failed to locate the victim probing uphill toward the original location of the home. When they reached the debris packed basement area the use of probes was no longer effective. So the Marines dug 15 feet down to reach the top of the basement through dense avalanche packed snow. As soon as the snow in an avalanche stops it immediately hardens into the most dense, heavy snow you will ever find yourself working with. They then dug down into the basement another twelve feet removing snow, 2 x framing, plywood, dry wall, shower doors, pipe, clothing, dishes, curtains, books, furniture, lamps, etc. My co-worker and I would be lowered into the trench to cut what a chain saw could get through and we hit nails and other metal so often that as soon as me made our cuts we sharpened chain by hand up to the time of the next request for cutting. It was exhausting work. As we were traveling out by snow cat at dusk of the second 10 hour shift we were called back as some noises were heard at the bottom of one of the trenches. We returned and in spite of our exhaustion all worked harder and faster than we had so far. Finally a victim was found and allowed out of a very small pocket in the debris. It was the victims dog, who had been trapped for six days and had not peed or pooped the entire time. I bounded to the surface, took a look at the 75 or so of us, ran up the hill away from us and proceeded to lighten his load.
We tried to work on after setting up lights, but all among us were too exhausted, and too cold after being out in temps in the teens for a couple of days. We were facing another night in the single digits or below zero so we had to give up. We returned the next morning and in a couple of hours located the victim very close to where we had found the dog. Unfortunately, he had suffered many dozen head fractures as a result of flying and flowing debris and had been killed during the avalanche.
It is possible to travel and perform work in the mountains while reducing the chance of being caught in an avalanche to a very small one. If these ski patrollers had not performed a field or backcountry avalanche hazard evaluation before going out of bounds they acted irresponsibly. Not only did they get killed, but also exposed a lot of rescue personnel to danger as well. I don't know yet if these patrollers had completed the National Avalanche School training, something I had the privilege to do during my career.
As for structures being built in avalanche run out zones, as the house was in the recovery I was involved in was, it is similar to having homes built in wildland-urban interface areas in fuels where saving them during a fire becomes a life risking activity. Lack of effective zoning combined with the inability of agencies to enforce the zoning (usually caused by the meddling of politicians heavily influenced by the real estate industry) is partially to blame for the wildland-urban interface problem in fire and avalanche management.
As for avalanche fatalities and injuries involving over snow recreation outside of developed ski areas, they are needless. If conditions are marginal, then going to less hazardous terrain (flatter) or going home is the correct course of action. If a person does not know if marginal conditions exist they should stay away entirely until it all melts.