Oh, ok. I've never heard them inside a ham band.
Then you just missed them. Looking at their frequency distribution vs activity it does not seem they make any particular attempt to stay outside the ham bands. Let me re-phrase that slightly. Some of them, particularly Russian sources, appear to make no particular attempt to stay outside ham bands. Others, such as the Cubans, are almost never seen in the ham bands.
The problem is, the people who know are paid to not talk about it. I suppose that if American spies used this technique, sooner or later someone would spill the beans because we can't seem to keep a secret. Not so with other countries.
Suffice it to say, it's quite clear that it is a clandestine form of communication, and not likely to be something that's cracked on a hobby level. At that point, the who and the why becomes moot.
For many years there were numbers stations of US source, and people did not talk about them then either. I think nationality has little to do with the beans being spilled. There are numerous publications and reports that discus the use of “secure one way voice links” (numbers stations by another name) and US efforts.
Actually, the strongest supportive data that these transmissions are indeed spy related comes from Cuban and US sources. Various former Cuban sources have published the fact that instructions to agents in the field are sent via coded shortwave messages. But the strongest evidence would be several court cases in the US, cases of foreign agents operating on US soil who were caught. As part of the court cases have been evidence presented by the prosecution that these agents received coded shortwave transmissions from Cuba as guidance. This evidence is now part of the public record in several of these cases.
Have you heard these stations recently in the amateur bands?
As recently as just over a week ago. I missed this thread when it was fresh but the following receptions have been made of numbers stations inside ham bands from when you asked the question until today. Specific dates and times for each are available, in some cases recordings are also available. This is only a subset of all reported numbers stations inside ham bands during that time.
Spanish language numbers station V07 uses 18074 kHz weekly for a few months each year, including October and November. V07 is probably run by the Russians.
Other Russian stations like XPA and X06 regularly hit the 30 and 20 meter bands, less frequently hitting 17 and 15 meters..
S32 and S30 are inside the 80 meter band daily.
S06 hit 20 meters last month on 14080 and 14280 kHz, it also hit 80 meters on 3834 kHz and 3569 kHz and 40 meters on 7242 kHz.
MC03 hit 80 meters on 3948 kHz.
M89 hit 80 meters on 3642, 3761, and 3797 kHz.
M32 hit 15 meters on 21438 kHz and 80 meters on 3853 kHz.
M01b hit 80 meters on 3519, 3520, 3537, 3545, 3625, and 3715 kHz.
E06 hit 80 meters on 3526 and 3729 kHz
E07 hit 30 meters on 10124 kHz.
E17 hit 20 meters on 14260 kHz.
As you can see, numbers stations still do regularly hit ham bands.
T!