Quick background: we are a PK-12 independent school with a large campus and bus service with 20 routes across five counties, about half of which are in the Piedmont (i.e., hilly terrain). We've had issues with two-way radio reception in some of our service area, and we're trying to fix those issues. Verizon has leased land on our campus for a 5G cell station, and as part of the lease, we've secured space on their tower, around 100' up, for an antenna for our radio repeater (our licensed frequencies for our bus channel are in the 495-500 MHz range).
Welcome. Please let us know what your existing antenna system consists of, the existing antenna height, and the location in reference to your campus. From your UHF T-Band frequency listed as 495-500 MHz and the Piedmont info, it looks like you are possibly within 50 miles of the Washington DC and Virginia area.
We're trying to figure out the best antenna option for the cell tower, keeping in mind that, at 100' up, the pole is still 2-3' wide. We don't want to have an issue where the "shadow" of the pole causes a radio dead zone. Our vendor has suggested that there might be an option of "an antenna that is designed to be mounted on a tower to produce 360 degrees coverage." The company that built and maintains the tower has suggested a splitter and two antennas, one on each side. What's the best option here?
The 5G cell tower "pole" seems to be a monopole structure which would need a platform or a chain mount for your antenna at the 100 foot height. Both are not inexpensive. Yes, one antenna mounted on the side at 100 feet will definitely have a dead zone shadow caused by the 2-3' wide monopole.
When two omnidirectional antennas are combined together to work around a physical obstruction like a monopole, it will make the radio coverage much more complex.
Where the communication coverage area can only see one of the two omnidirectional antennas due to the monopole obstruction, the communications will be good but with reduced range since the "splitter" will divide the available power in half for all receive and transmit signals.
Where the communications coverage area can see some part or all of the two omnidirectional antennas, the communications may be good due to the signals possibly adding together or could be very very bad with the two signals completely cancelling each other out due to being out of phase/delayed to each other.
Think of it as dropping two pebbles into a still pond of water. See the water images below. Where the high spot of the water ripples meet, you will have an increase. Where the low spots of the water ripples meet, you will have a severe decrease.
Overall, it would be best to install one antenna on the very top of the monopole to keep the communications coverage simple, effective, and at full power. Just like dropping one pebble into a still pond of water, a very simple pattern that radiates out without any interference from other ripples. However you will become the sacrificial lightning rod being on the very top and will need a robust antenna to survive lightning hits.
If you absolutely must use the 100-foot monopole height, another choice would be to use up to 4 directional antennas that cover a specified sector like N, S, E, and W so that there is minimal signal coverage overlap that could cause problems.
In the Willis Tower (Sears Tower) located in Chicago, some radio systems do not use the outside roof top with a single antenna and instead use directional panel antennas in the perimeter glass windows on the 100 through 109 floor levels above ground. Each floor of radio equipment measures approximately 50x75 feet in size and radio coverage is only needed North, West, and South. So 3 directional (90 degree coverage) panel antennas are combined together using one panel antenna per window per direction. Radio coverage over Lake Michigan to the East is not needed. The 3 combined panel antennas do have some overlap which causes signal reductions/phase cancellations in the Southwest and Northwest directions which just happens to follow two main expressways! A definite palm to forehead moment!
I hope that this information is helpful.
Best Regards