Dumb down the equipment for success

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KK4JUG

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A couple of weeks ago, we had an unusual incident. An emergency aircraft beacon (121.5 mHz) was reported in Columbus, GA. I don't know who originally picked up the signal but the Civil Air Patrol was called in to try to pin it down. It turned out to be located in a residential area. I handle communications for a regional interstate search and rescue group. We handle high-angle rescue, water and trench rescue, collapsed building, etc. We're equipped with side-scan sonar for water rescues and even seismic equipment for collapsed buildings.

We have a mobile command post that responds to many of these incidents. It has VHF, UHF, 700 mHz, 800 mHz, aircraft, marine, ham, etc. Some of the radios are programmable. We quickly decided that if an aircraft went down in a residential area, someone would certainly know about it. So, realizing it was apparently not an emergency, minimum manpower was used and the command post remained garaged. The neighborhood was an older, well-established middle-class area with a couple of churches, a vocational high school, etc., nothing unusual.

The search & rescue unit has no directional equipment but the CAP did have RDF with a “bow-tie” antenna. We had an Icom A6 aircraft portable. Moving through the neighborhood, it was almost impossible to locate the origin of the signal because it was too strong. (Under emergency circumstances, a downed aircraft would be pretty easy to spot in a residential area.) Even though no crash was involved the radio had to be located and silenced. The CAP took their RDF and started walking through the neighborhood. They even went door-to-door asking about anything unusual in the neighborhood or whether anyone knew of a pilot who lived in the area. No luck.

Our biggest problem was the fact that the signal was so strong it couldn't be pin-pointed. We decided to “dumb down” the equipment so it would have more trouble picking up the signal. I had an idea that actually worked. I got a couple of wire ties like you get on loaves of bread, stripped the plastic off the ends and tied them together I removed the antenna from the Icom. One end of the new make-shift “antenna” was inserted into the Icom antenna connection. I held the radio against my body and I slowly turned in a circle. My body blocked the signal when it was directly behind me. After several rotations, we pin-pointed the signal as coming from the back of the high school.

CAP went to the school and found the signal. It seems someone donated an aircraft frame to the school and the emergency beacon was left intact. While the students were doing whatever vocational high school students do with aircraft frames, the beacon was activated. CAP took custody of it. The aircraft was not visible from the street.

Maybe sometimes, you can have too much technology.
 

SARCOMM

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You can simply de-tune your receiver. Go either a few khz up or down from 121.5 as you get closer. We used to use a simple radio shack scanner, and the 'body blocking' technique. Many times I would be around 117 mhz sitting on top of the beacon.

Not sure why the CAP unit had a hard time DF'ing the beacon. That squadron is equipped with several direction finding receivers that have an attenuator. As they get closer they simply turn a knob and it attenuates the signal. With that equipment you can literally pinpoint within inches where the antenna is on the beacon.

Most of the gear CAP has uses a Time Distance of Arrival (TDOA) comparison to give you a direction as to where the strongest signal is coming from. Too many times I have seen CAP folks disconnect the TDOA antenna, and put a rubber duckie omni on the receiver. They have then taken a very sensitive and accurate DF receiver and turned it into nothing more than a plain jane radio receiver.

If they had to knock door to door, there was a serious training issue. Seems to be common with the CAP folks. They probably also had a handful of 12 - 15 year old cadets trying to locate the beacon too.

With some practice, and a simple receiver, you can pinpoint an ELT very precisely and quickly. Its not rocket science.

Good work using the resources at hand to locate the beacon.
 

cmdrwill

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One important tool for DF'ing is a variable attenuator in the cable from the antenna to the radio.

I had to locate a 'stuck on' So Cal Gas Company radio many years ago at night. No directional antenna on our service trucks. Used the 1/4 wave antenna and an attenuator on my Gas Co radio to get close. "Take home" supervisor's car at his house in a canyon.
 

phask

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Basic fox hunting 101 to me. Probably not covered in CAP, but the OP as a HAM should have ben able to do this with boith eyes shut :)

My last hunting gear used a 10 buck cable tv attenuator from Rat Shack.
 

kayn1n32008

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Basic fox hunting 101 to me. Probably not covered in CAP, but the OP as a HAM should have ben able to do this with boith eyes shut :)

My last hunting gear used a 10 buck cable tv attenuator from Rat Shack.


Another trick I have used is putting a receiver on the third harmonic. Add some attenuation and you are good to go... About 20 years ago I used this technique to locate a hidden transmitter. My cohort and I got with in 5 feet of it using nothing more than a HTX-202 and a TH-79AD. In this case a receiver on 364.5000MHz would have knocked the signal strength down and made locating the ELT much easier.


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D

DaveNF2G

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I would hope that the people involved in official DFing know what fox hunting is, especially if they are licensed hams.
 

nr2d

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When I get close to a transmitter causing interference issue I have a handheld receiver. 1 method I've seen used but I don't use it is to use a telescoping antenna on the receiver. As you get closer you can hold the radio and antenna horizontal. You can now use the null that is created off the end of the antenna as a quasi-DF antenna. Remember you have a null off of both ends of the antenna. determine a bearing at 1 spot then move a couple hundred feet to the right or left of you first bearing. Do the same several more times. the transmitter should be in a area where the direction of the bearings converge.

Once you get close take the antenna off and stick a paper clip in the antenna jack. This works great if the antenna connector is a BNC type. Now you just walk around the area and by using a hot and cold search you can get real close if not right on top of the transmitter. When you get close enough you can take the paper clip out of the antenna connector and if you are close enough you will find the transmitter again using the hot and cold search.

Like someone said above you can tune your receiver off frequency and should work also.

I have used these methods both at airports and away from airports to locate sources of interference for many many years.
 

paulears

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Surely people involved with important direction finding and radio location need two things. A variable attenuator and a sensitive signal strength meter are the essential items. In fact, a simple dipole is the only other thing you need. The tricks with less effective antennas don't need to be used if you can simply turn down the signal strength every time it's too high! Like said above this is do 101 ( a phrase that even makes sense in the UK!) if this sort of thing is a common request for e group, and you already have a purpose built vehicle, then investing in a Doppler do unit would make sense. We had them here over twenty years ago, so quite old technology now.
 

KK4JUG

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I can't speak for the CAP, their equipment nor their ability (or inability) to use it. In this incident, they spent the bulk of their time searching and I had little physical contact with them. My primary job was to maintain a rudimentary command post. Rudimentary because it wasn't an emergency.

Our search and rescue unit isn't equipped to do these types of searches. The "search" portion of our function is finding bodies in the water, people in collapsed buildings, etc. (e.g. After hurricane Katrina, we spent a week going door-to-door in Pearl River County, Mississippi, searching for people, dead or alive, in the collapsed buildings.) In most cases, we would not even respond to a downed aircraft unless there were buildings involved. If necessary, we can go into an area, program our radios so we can talk with the local public safety people and even convert the signals so the local police can use their own radios to talk with a military helicopter that may be overhead assisting in logistics or whatever or connect the military chopper with the Coast Guard or connect the local police with the chopper AND the Coast Guard. We're working on being able to connect any of those radios with one of the eight satellite phone lines we have available in our command bus.. That, I might add, is a very slow process.

Our unit is not put together to conduct electronic searches. There are others who do that. We simply used the limited equipment at hand to speed up the process.

We worked out of the back of my SUV. Any other time, we would probably step it up a bit with this bus:
 

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paulears

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That's pretty impressive. We have no equivalent to this in the UK at all. We do have the Ham emergency network, but that was also used for Cold War activities, so it fizzled out when we got friends with the Russians. It still exists, but is simply hams putting their kit at the disposal of others.
 

Jimbnks

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You can simply de-tune your receiver. Go either a few khz up or down from 121.5 as you get closer. We used to use a simple radio shack scanner, and the 'body blocking' technique. Many times I would be around 117 mhz sitting on top of the beacon.

Not sure why the CAP unit had a hard time DF'ing the beacon. That squadron is equipped with several direction finding receivers that have an attenuator. As they get closer they simply turn a knob and it attenuates the signal. With that equipment you can literally pinpoint within inches where the antenna is on the beacon.

Most of the gear CAP has uses a Time Distance of Arrival (TDOA) comparison to give you a direction as to where the strongest signal is coming from. Too many times I have seen CAP folks disconnect the TDOA antenna, and put a rubber duckie omni on the receiver. They have then taken a very sensitive and accurate DF receiver and turned it into nothing more than a plain jane radio receiver.

If they had to knock door to door, there was a serious training issue. Seems to be common with the CAP folks. They probably also had a handful of 12 - 15 year old cadets trying to locate the beacon too.

With some practice, and a simple receiver, you can pinpoint an ELT very precisely and quickly. Its not rocket science.

Good work using the resources at hand to locate the beacon.

Reminds me of my old CAP Day as a MC.
 

SARCOMM

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406 ELT's also transmit a 121.5 homing signal. Unless you have a Doppler or multiple TDOA arrays you won't be able to DF the 406 side of the beacon. It only transmits for a 150 milliseconds every 45 seconds. Not long enough to get a fix with a traditional receiver or DF system as mentioned in previous posts


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