Quick Shunt Regulator:
Parts needed:
- NPN power transistor "Q1" (2n3055 or TIP41 will work. If you want to use TIP122, omit "Diode" (short the leads together)) and insulation/isolation kit
- 13V Zener Diode "ZD1" (1n4743)
- Silicon diode "D2" (1n4001)
- heat sink...big heat sink... The transistor will be burning/wasting up to 25W.
Connectivity:
Q1 Collector to PSU output +
ZD1 Cathode (band) to Q1 Collector
ZD1 Anode to D2 Anode
D2 Cathode to Q1 Base
Q1 Emitter to PSU output -
Notes:
This was designed as a retrofit and not have to worry about dropout - normal series pass regulators have problem because of dropout. Because this is a shunt regulator, the less you draw, the hotter it gets. And yes if your consumption goes up, the transistor will cool down a bit.
The circuit will keep the voltage from getting above about 14.4 volts as long as the transistor doesn't overheat and fry itself. Don't trust the exact shunt voltage of about 14.4 volts, it's just a rough number.
I don't expect anyone to actually do this but if you must, you must...