It is very time consuming trying to program a scanner without software. You have to enter alpha tags character by character by rotating the scroll knob. Just for your info, except for Wilmington, all of the sites need to be entered using a custom 800 MHz rebanded bandplan. If you are entering only a limited number of talkgroups, it can be done manually To save you some time, it is only necessary to enter the red control channel and blue alternate frequencies on each site. It's great to know how to enter frequencies on the fly if you don't have access to a computer. I have entered entire systems manually, and I wish I hadn't. Software is so much easier.