They have been popping up around here too. It looks like an EZ pass(toll pass) reader or similar. The plastic NEMA box allows RF signals but remains waterproof, we use them for our cell phone data links for our signs at the train stations. They could be being used for traffic management such as average speed between poles, and where EZ pass drivers are actually going, and it looks like 2 receiver antenna's looking at the 2 traffic lanes.
Even if you are not on a toll road your basically sign your privacy rights away when you sign up for the pass. That's why when a former company car I had was equipped with one I would remove it from the window and sit on the pass preventing any data to be transponded. Looking more closely it appears to be only 2 solar panels and some sort of flat panel antenna on top, could be 2.4g wireless or even meteor scatter
BTW eventually all cars will be equipped with transponders from the factory, there has been a ongoing lawsuit from the ACLU since they come from the factory opted on not off. In California concessions have been made to prevent toll pass info from being used by the government (for now)