Here's an example of dispatchers and transmitters being very remote from each other.
The CSX railroad has consolidated all of their dispatchers in a centralized dispatching center in Jacksonville, Florida. Likewise, the Union Pacific Railroad has their dispatching center in Omaha, Nebraska, and BNSF railroad has their dispatching center in Fort Worth, Texas. Yet, these dispatchers are able to communicate with train crews over VHF analog radio in the far reaches of their respective railroad systems. It's all done with remote transmitters that are connected to the dispatching centers via the Internet.
I monitor the local CSX frequencies in central Indiana. When a crew operating on local rails wants to talk to the dispatcher, they send a DTMF tone from their radio. That alerts the dispatcher that someone is calling. The dispatcher then selects the remote base that the tone is coming from and answers "CSX Dispatcher Jacksonville".