It is for cases like this that I have a handful of USB power meters - they plug inline to whatever USB you are using (get USB-A and USB-C variants) and the better ones will display voltage, current, and power (otherwise just voltage and current, which is still enough for diagnostics. The USB-C ones will generally also show direction of current flow with an arrow indicating the direction.)
If something doesn't seem to be charging, the USB power meter is the next thing I reach for, I have probably half a dozen, mixed. In most cases, they are under ten bucks - so if/when they finally wear out, I don't feel bad about binning them. Toss one, buy two. I just write the date on the back so I can note if it wore out early or not (and I can make a note of what sort to avoid.)
Most of my USB-C power meters go down to about five decimal places on the display, I tend to read them down to millivoltts, milliwatts, and milliamperes, that's plenty fine enough.