Vehicle Transponder Acknowledgement Message (Part 2)
I ran across additional information regarding the "acknowledgement message". The "acknowledgement message" is NOT the same as the reply code/tracking pulses transmitted by stolen vehicles.
"In 2002, the Commission amended the Section 90.20(e)(6). The rule's duty cycle limitation of 200 milliseconds per 10 seconds was increased to 1800 milliseconds for every 300 seconds (with a maximum of six messages in any thirty-minute period). The longer duty cycle allows SVRS operations to incorporate an early warning feature that minimizes lag time, thus assisting in the recovery of a stolen vehicle."
FCC Record, Volume 20, No. 14, Pages 11429 to 12324, June 28-July 15, 2005, Page: 11446 | UNT Digital Library
So, the "acknowledgement message" appears to be part of the early warning system which is an optional feature available with all newer LoJack installations.
One of the best documents on LoJack "acknowledgement messages" appears to be the following FCC docket:
Click to Read FCC Docket
In this FCC docket we read the following:
"This amendment will enable LoJack to introduce a mobile-to-base-station 'uplink' technology... LoJack would like to improve the stolen vehicle system operation by incorporating an early warning feature to minimize that lag time [between stolen time and activation time]...
"As discussed in greater detail below, the early warning feature involves mobile-to-base station 'uplink' transmissions. This technology was not available when LoJack's system first was introduced, and has been developed by LoJack as part of its ongoing efforts to expand and improve the recovery of stolen vehicles. The uplink signal would be used for two purposes.
"
First, in the event of a theft, uplink transmissions would be used to alert a control center, and then the vehicle owner, in order to effect a prompt police theft report, thereby improving the probability of a quick recovery.
Second, uplink transmissions would be used to acknowledge base station activation and deactivation messages, thereby obviating the need for repetitive transmissions by high-powered base stations, reducing the actual transmitting time on channel by as much as a factor of 100:1. Uplink transmissions would be used in only these two, limited circumstances associated with vehicle theft and recovery activities. They would not be used for other purposes and, in particular,
would not be used for general vehicle tracking and monitoring operations.
Uplink transmissions are fully compatible with the existing SVRN.
"Section 90.20(e)(6) of the Commission's rules already permits uplink transmissions within a stolen vehicle recovery network. The rule, however, limits such transmissions to a duty cycle of 200 milliseconds every ten seconds or, when a vehicle actively is being tracked, to 200 milliseconds every second. The uplink technology requires a duty cycle from LJUs of 1800 milliseconds every 300 seconds with a maximum of six messages in any 30 minute period. The uplink receivers will be located at the base station sites around the country....
"The uplink uses a narrowband transmission with a
63-bit spacing code modulation...
"
The message length can be determined as follows: The transmissions use a reduced bit rate, two level FM modulation, with a bit rate of 17.92 ms/bit (3571.428 Hz clock divided by 64). The format is [short preamble] [flag] [frame] [short preamble] [flag] which totals to 100 bits. 100 bits x 17.92 ms = 1792 ms. The request was rounded off to 1800 ms/300 seconds for simplicity.
"In the proposed system, vehicles would be fitted with an 'Early Warning Detector,' or 'EWD.' If at any time an EWD unit that has been enabled and armed detects external movement of the vehicle or determines that the vehicle has been started without using the key, (i.e.; 'hot-wired'), it would send a brief alert signal to the LJU unit.
The LJU unit then would transmit this alert to the nearest base station(s), which would receive, process, and forward the message (via the existing network) to a central, 24-hour-per-day control center operated by LoJack. Personnel working in the call center then would alert the owner that the vehicle has been stolen, making it possible for the owner immediately to notify the police of the theft.
"
Once the theft is reported to the police, the existing LoJack activation and tracking process can be initiated. By speeding up the theft detection and reporting process, the uplink technology would improve the chances for successful vehicle recovery and improve tracking efficiency. The more quickly the theft is detected and reported, the more defined the area in which the vehicle is likely to be located. When LoJack introduced this technology in South Africa, the vehicle recovery rate went up 10%, from 82% to 92%.
"With LoJack's proposed change, the LJU would transmit a brief message acknowledging the receipt of a [activation/deactivation] message from the base station. Upon receiving an acknowledgement, each affected base station will cease transmitting any additional messages, thereby reducing dramatically the number of base station transmissions required for each theft/recovery activity....
"Transmissions from mobiles shall be limited to either 200 milliseconds every 15 seconds or 1800 milliseconds every 300 seconds, except that when a vehicle is being tracked actively, the transmissions occur 200 milliseconds every second for 30 minutes and then revert to 200 milliseconds every 15 seconds."
Click to Read FCC Docket
"The uplink modulation consists of a two-frequency FSK:
Binary '0' : 17.92 mSec low frequency
Binary '1' : 17.92 mSec high frequency"
http://servv89pn0aj.sn.sourcedns.com/~gbpprorg/zine2/html/2/lojack-1.html
So, the acknowledgement message is a separate and unique message from the reply code transmitted after being activated. The acknowledgement message is transmitted by LoJack equipped vehicles to LoJack towers to notify the owner of any vehicle movements when the owner is subscribed to receive early warning notifications. Also, the acknowledgement message is transmitted by LoJack equipped vehicles to acknowledge activation and deactivation messages broadcast by the towers intended for that specific vehicle (whether subscribed to the early warning system or not).
This explains why I have heard what appeared to be dead air transmitted for 1800 milliseconds on two separate occasions following two separate LoJack vehicle transponders being deactivated by the tower. Above, it states, "Uplink transmissions are fully compatible with the existing SVRN". For this reason, a person would assume the same CPFSK data format is being used, however this does not appear to be the case.
Notice it states, "The transmissions use a
reduced bit rate,
two level FM modulation, with a
bit rate of 17.92 ms/bit...100 bits x 17.92 ms = 1792 ms." This appears to indicate the acknowledgement message is transmitted at a bit rate of about 55.8 bits per second rather than the usual 1200 bits per second used by LoJack.
So, what I thought were dead air transmissions following deactivations of stolen vehicle transponders may actually be acknowledgement messages!
I amplified the sound several thousand times over on the best example I have of an acknowledgement and have attached it to this thread for everyone to review. It does appear there is some type of data being transmitted at a rate of around 55.8 bits per second.
There is a possibility ultrasonic frequencies are being used in the modulation of the acknowledgement message which my recording equipment may not have captured. Otherwise, it appears the higher frequency (possibly the "1" bit) is around 500 Hz and the lower frequency (possibly the "0" bit) is around 300 Hz.
The attached sound file would appear to decode out to something as follows:
Code:
1111[u]1111010010111000[/u]1001000001101110001001010100010101100011010011100101010010000[u]1111010010111000[/u]
Shawn