Sorry, I am a little late to the thread as I only check in every once in awhile and in the area of full disclosure do sell this for a living supporting both paying customers and some pro bono.
First I have to ask, have you checked to see if all these requested alerts are available on anyone or more of the various feeds IPAWS, WX/Wire, EM/Win, NWS/Chat.
Second, if they are available are they being distributed with encoded valid Polygon's at this point ? Assuming you have identified them and they are properly encoded, could you define your area of interest based on zip codes instead of the standard FIPS/SAME code or as you mentioned a free hand polygon ?
Now the larger issue, receiving an SMS in 60 to 90 secs of issuance by NWS. Depending on what carrier you use, the chances of getting an SMS message with in a minute is somewhat slim unless you use a service that is registered as an Enterprise Carrier / Agitator, and with some carriers you also pay the per phone Enterprise fees. Most of this is the direct result of many news organizations and other services offering alerts, weather & news excreta and the same person signing up for the same alert to the same SMS receiver (phone) on every service they can locate. The result is the public gateways (e-mail) get flooded and the carriers now automatically start to throttle and passe traffic from the gateway to protect the network when they see a sudden surge in traffic.
PM me if you you would to talk about your options more.
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I am looking to find a way to have the following NOAA alerts delivered via SMS as soon as they are issued. Ideally, this would be bounded by a specific geographic region--defined by four rectangles (or a weirdly shaped polygon that crosses three counties)
Special Marine Warning
Marine WX Stmt
Marine Weather Message
Coastal
Surf
Severe Thunderstorm
Less Important:
Coastal Hazard Msg
Hazardous Weather Outlook
Hurricane Local Stmt
Landlubbers
Buoy/C-MAN observations
Hurricane
Are there any services out there that do this already? How hard would it be to make something for this? The single most important thing that the notification is made within a minute of when the alert is issued. Even if the area has to be expanded to a larger area.