Train repeaters
In Southern California I hear these train repeaters:
160.245 BNSF PBX, input is 161.535
160.260 BNSF PBX, input is 161.490
160.290 UPRR PBX; input is 161.520
160.335 BNSF PBX; input is 161.460
160.425 L.A. Co. MTA, input is 160.635
160.605 UPRR PBX; input is 161.025
160.665 S.D. Trolley; input is 160.935
160.710 S.D. Trolley; input is 161.415
160.890 UPRR PBX; input is 161.04
160.935 L.A. Co. MTA, input is 160.755
161.055 Amtrak PD, L.A.; input is 161.475
161.145 L.A. Co. MTA, input is 160.725
161.265 L.A. Co. MTA, input is 160.695
161.565 L.A. Co. MTA, input is 160.47
Railroads don't use repeaters and in some instances, railroads may use a pair of frequencies for train to dispatcher and dispatcher to train. The Motorola Spectras found in locomotives are capable of selecting separate TX and RX frequencies. In this case, you'd have to scan between both frequencies to hear both sides of the conversation.
Depending on terrain, I can usually pick up locomotive radios from about 2-3 miles away with the cheapo rubber duck antenna on the my handheld scanner. Going through my 2m antenna on the car, I can receive locomotive radios from 10-20 miles away. I regularly get yard chatter from Tilford yard in Atlanta just a few miles from my home, which is about 15 miles straight line distance between the two.