Long but relevant on rural EMS and volunteerism...
This is something that people who move to rural areas to "get away from it all" often don't realize. They move from a big city to a rural area and are shocked to find that their fire department and ambulance are staffed with volunteers, and their law enforcement is a trooper or deputy that is covering a couple of hundred square miles by themselves. Oh, that hospital you'll go to has three beds in the ED, no ICU, and no surgeons around after about 7:00PM. And it's an hour away.
I lived this, having moved from very urban Northeastern NJ (which, at the time, was also plagued by volunteer issues) to the rural Midwest. I lived on the edge of my county and the service was a 100% paid ALS system with two paramedics on each ambulance. There were several areas with paid-on-call EMTs and paramedics, but mine wasn't one of them. My closest ambulance response was about 16 driving miles and, with multiple responses into the area, timed at an average 38 minutes (if they were available - longer if it came from another station). That was partly because of road conditions, partly because many crews didn't want to "go all the way down there" and dogged the response if it was anything less than a high priority medical or trauma call.
I had a volunteer ambulance about a mile and a half away, but because of a complex mix of politics, them being outside of the county, and labor issues, they were rarely called into the area. Their direct policy was, though, "if you call us, we'll go," so their dispatch 800 number was labeled on each phone handset.
Being in the rural area didn't just limit us to ambulance problems. We also had a very long response time for law enforcement. The sheriff's deputies would often respond from the populated areas, across a wildlife preserve braving deer, poorly plowed roadways, and other hazards, to get to where we were. The only "good" response was from the volunteer fire department because many of the members owned or were employed by local businesses. They dropped what they were doing and took the call. They were usually pretty quick. They also began to provide on-scene BLS to help offset transport response times.
At some point, we realized that we needed to be self-sufficient. I'm a former paramedic, all expired. A few times, I recerted as a paramedic and, one time, I became an EMT in the state I was living in, as well as National Registry, but let that go, too, as I wasn't working in the field. Keeping CEUs up and finding relevant classes you need is a full-time job in and of itself when your work is doing something else. I was lucky, as my work was somewhat supportive.
I built a well-stocked BLS kit and worked with my wife (a former EMT) and the kids to learn how to use it. I also bought an AED once they were made available (I was the likely candidate). We picked up a bunch of fire extinguishers and Indian cans, and we bought firearms, learned safety, and spent a bunch of time at the range. After a while, we could take care of ourselves until the resources we had arrived. Eventually, the district built a station 1/3 of the distance away, and their response time improved, Thankfully, my family never needed to call for an ambulance.
I always took issue with the mileage fees and was very critical about it. The board of governance made decisions on where to put stations and they put them in highly populated areas, some that had duplication with a municipal ALS ambulance. My challenge was that their choice in service area placed my family at a disadvantage and failed to meet the regional standard of care considering my taxes were as high as those who were served within higher population density - but did not get double banged with a high response time and mileage. Got to love local politics, especially in the hinterlands. Anyway, I wasn't the only one critical of the issue, and enough statistics were presented to justify building something closer.
I got into EMS and became a volunteer firefighter because of my childhood hobby listening to scanners. In fact, when I was in high school, I heard them setting off the Plectron numerous times to get someone to respond two blocks away from my home. Two times. Three times. I couldn't take it anymore. I rode out there on a bike and offered to help. I was 16. Instead of telling me to leave or be threatened to with getting locked up, as seems to be the prevailing philosophy these days, I was told to go to the meeting location on Monday night where I was given a form to fill out. After being checked out, I got a pager, a jacket and jumpsuit, and was given "my" riding night. And, if I was available during the days, I could help out, too. That was 37 years ago and I've been doing something that involved EMS, fire, or communications ever since.
EMS is severely in need of being recognized as the professional discipline it is. I have a lot of friends and former co-workers in "professional" EMS who come down on squadies for failing to develop proficiency. And I've seen volley squads that were foundations of their respective communities 37 years ago fold. I feel sorry that a 16 year-old today doesn't (or can't) look at an ambulance or a fire truck - or even a police car - and and say, "I have a role here, I can help people, and I can turn this into MY profession."