Airport Control Towers only control the space usually 5 to 10 miles from the airport and a few thousand feet above the tower. Once you're out of their area, they tell you to contact Departure (TRACON). Usually their radio antennas are mounted on the control tower, or somewhere on the airports property. If the towers line of sight is severely blocked by mountains or something else, they might use a remote transmitter to communicate. They don't need to reach "too far". Usually, if you monitor the tower freq, you'll hear the planes much better (for obvious reasons) rather than the tower unless you're close to the airport.
TRACON Centers control arrivals/departures into airports within their area of responsibility. TRACON will hand the plane off to the airport tower where the plane is landing, or once 5-10 miles out of tower - they'll guide the plane out of the airport their taking off from then hand off to a center once a certain altitude is reached.. TRACON Centers have remote transmitters scattered throughout their coverage area, sometimes on mountain tops, or at the actual airports sometimes.
FAA CENTERS (NY, Boston, Atlanta etc.) handle high altitude. When a plane reaches a cruising altitude, TRACON will tell them to contact whatever Center area their in on a certain freq. Like TRACON, the Centers have remote transmitters all over their coverage area.
Hope this is helpful to understand the different levels of aircraft comms.