If it is truly for warning siren data, then it it would be battery level checking and possible system checking for faults. Just a guess.
Not certain if things changed but STL County used to use analog 800 MHz freqs for siren activation as well as the voice announcement heard over today's Whelen warning sirens. They do live tests over the air on the first Monday of the month at 11AM unless bad weather is possible.
Prior to this, they were on 450 MHz freqs and probably VHF High before that.
AFAIK, the county still uses the dedicated 800 MHz analog freqs for siren control Plus monitoring on the things you mentioned like battery condition and other faults and likely cabinet temps. Almost all the current Whelen sirens I drive by in the county have radio boxes mounted just below the sirens that contain a pair of 800 MHz antennas. I've seen some with just two antenna on top and then some with two on top and a third 800 antenna aiming down from the bottom of the cabinet. I have always wondered if the sirens can also be activated over a direct digital access from the Slater network using a data channel in case the analog links fail.
The 800 MHz siren freqs were licensed well before Slater was finalized and put on the air from my recollection but I could be wrong on that. They have also had at least two siren frequencies which I hear data plus the analog warning voice instructions on both freqs which is played over the sirens at the end of the wailing siren sounds.
I'm pretty sure they are listed on the conventional STL County DB page and an FCC lookup will reveal emissions of FM voice, and whatever DTMF or POCSAG etc type data format they can use.
As to the Illinois data bursts on 155.190, I can also pickup several of the locations reporting status most likely. I've heard the same type of DTMF or other tones for siren data in other counties here in Missouri outside of the metro ST Louis area.
I've logged some of the DTMF streams looking for repetitions in the digits that may indicate diagnostic status polling.
If one listens to the STL County siren freqs, you could hear the voice part after the sirens were commanded to switch to live voice mode. Today, they may have switched the sirens signalling to P25 or similar as it's been a while since I've monitored the listed frequencies. And knowing all the above, I've never Once monitored the siren freqs when they were activated for an actual storm!!