Frankly, that's why you do what is best for your own jurisdiction, and let others adapt. Yes that sounds harsh and counter to "interoperability", but we all know that the reality is that P25 is hardly the model for interoperability...conventional analog is. So if you're building out your own system, do what you need to do for your own users. In most cases when TDMA is part of the plan, that means not wasting money on DDM licensing, and not wasting precious spectrum on FDMA. You go with TDMA strapped talkgroups from Day 1, and let others buy the proper radios, instead of dragging you down for potentially years by promising to upgrade to TDMA subscribers. There will always be clowns out there who insist on using their 15 year old out-of-tune FDMA subscribers on an otherwise TDMA system. I'm glad to see that other systems in the region have taken that hard line, including the PA-STARNet ASTRO 25 system. TDMA or GTFO.