Wow...this morning I'm getting Chester County, PA's fire/ems dispatch on 160.1850 here in Jefferson County, WV. Interestingly enough, I thought that frequency was allocated to the AAR.
Some railroad frequencies can be assigned to a non-railroad user in areas where the frequency is not in use; that particular frequency (AAR 005) is only used by railroad trucking services in the US. Chester County has been using that one as long as I can remember; their usage may predate the creation of the AAR standard channel plan.
In addition, for a few years the frequency coordinators were assigning unused regular railroad frequencies to non-railroad users, but that was rare and I believe has mostly been discontinued due to interference caused to the railroads (which mostly use carrier squelch).
I believe the railroad frequencies in North America are now handled pretty much the same way as the VHF maritime frequencies; since they're part of international channel plans they're not assigned to any other services unless there's no other choice and the proposed user is at least X distance away from a potential railroad user.