Scanner Tales: Rolling my own (Multicoupler, that is)

iz8fpf

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As a guy with a lot of scanners I have used multiple antennas and multiple multicouplers to feed up to 30 scanners and receivers at a time. While those days are in the past, I still have a sizable and varying fleet of scanners that float in and out of my shack. I still need to feed a bunch of radios.

In addition to the multiple radios, I have an HOA problem. This is actually the least of my current worries as I have a solution. My scanners share my TV antenna. The HOA cannot regulate a TV antenna by law, but there is nothing that says I cannot share that among other receivers, such as scanners. I have been using an Omni-X, Mil-Omni and an ST-2 with varying results and have settled on the Mil-Omni as my antenna of choice. Once the weather cools, I plan on replacing the plastic pipe currently used as a temporary mast with a real metal one and will replace the coax at the same time.

Why a multicoupler?
So, back to the multicoupler story: For those not familiar with them, a multicoupler allows one to connect many receivers to a single antenna. The multicoupler provides isolation between the radios, so they do not interfere with each other as well as amplification to overcome insertion loss that is inherent when placing things between the antenna and radio(s). Things like signal splitters, RF limiters (to protect from strong transmitters near the receive antenna) and lightning protectors all can add loss, as can the coax and jumpers that connect to the radios. These are more correctly called “Active Multicouplers” as they have amplifiers, these are designed to either have no realized gain or perhaps a little gain relative to connecting the antenna directly to the radio. The object of the amplifier is to overcome the insertion loss, not to increase the signal strength. There are also “Passive Multicouplers” without amplifiers, these do provide the same isolation but show a net loss.

Commercially manufactured multicouplers, like the Stridsberg line, allow one to connect from 2 to 16 radios to a single antenna. The Stridsberg’s, of which I am very familiar, are well known in the scanner community as well built, well supported and very functional. I have 4 8-port MCA804’s in my fleet, well, 3 now that I gave one to my friend Will. I still need more than 8 ports for my daily listening and logging so have used 2 8-ports, either stacked (with one plugged into the other) or on separate antennas.

I have considered getting one of the new Stridsberg 16-port units but after consulting with them it appears that it is basically 2 8-ports connected to a splitter. The initial splitter is passive (unamplified) while the two 8-port sections are separately amplified. They basically are a combination of a 2-port passive splitter feeding a pair of 8-port active multicouplers. You can purchase the items individually and save a few dollars over the cost of the 16-port unit. This however would show a net loss of signal since there is splitting before the amplifier.

Quando ne ho parlato qualche tempo fa nei forum di RadioReference, mi è stato suggerito di risparmiare un po' di soldi e di costruirmi un multiaccoppiatore. Utilizzando componenti di Mini-Circuits e altri, avrei potuto assemblare un'unità con prestazioni uguali o migliori, oltre a poterla aggiornare o espandere secondo necessità. I componenti suggeriti, uno splitter a 16 porte e un amplificatore, compaiono di tanto in tanto sul mercato dell'usato, come su eBay. Sono stato diffidente nell'acquistare componenti usati perché non ho l'attrezzatura per testarli adeguatamente. Potrei procurarmeli e vedere se funzionano, ma non sarei in grado di dire se l'amplificatore amplifica correttamente, se lo splitter fornisce l'isolamento o se ha la stessa perdita di inserzione di quando era nuovo. Inoltre, non ho trovato esattamente gli articoli che cercavo dalla discussione iniziale.

Accumulare le parti
Per questi motivi ho deciso di acquistare i componenti nuovi, almeno per la maggior parte. Ho ordinato lo splitter da Mouser perché era l'unico posto che li aveva in magazzino; ne avevano solo uno e a quanto pare gli altri avrebbero dovuto aspettare almeno fino a dicembre, 5 mesi da quando scrivo. Ho pagato un po' di più, ma questi sono i tempi. L'amplificatore l'ho comprato direttamente da Mini-Circuits, che li aveva in magazzino e a un prezzo inferiore rispetto ad altri negozi.

Ho acquistato un componente usato: il limitatore RF. Sono comuni su eBay e ho trovato quello che cercavo facilmente e a un prezzo ragionevole. Ho anche ordinato cavi, terminatori e un ripiano per montare i componenti da venditori Amazon ed eBay.

Avevo già alcuni altri componenti, come il connettore N per l'ingresso RF e una striscia di barriera per l'alimentazione.

In totale ho speso circa 1100 dollari per amplificatore, splitter, filtro, cavi, vassoio e altri componenti. Se avessi puntato su componenti usati avrei potuto risparmiare un sacco di soldi, ma sono contento di aver scelto componenti nuovi di zecca. Sì, è costato di più, ma ne è valsa la pena per me e per la mia tranquillità. Sono stati anche circa 350 dollari in più di quanto avrei pagato per lo Stridsberg a 16 porte. Attenzione spoiler: ha funzionato tutto benissimo!

Mettere insieme i pezzi
Ho montato lo splitter sul retro del vassoio, o meglio, sulla parte anteriore, ma il vassoio è montato sul retro del cabinet, quindi i connettori SMA sono rivolti verso il retro. Ho anche montato un connettore N passante sullo stesso retro (anteriore?) del vassoio. Questo serve per l'ingresso dell'antenna, ha un corto cavetto SMA, ideale per questa installazione. Si collega al limitatore RF, che a sua volta si collega all'amplificatore RF.

Dato che lo splitter è largo circa 23 cm e può essere montato su uno scaffale da 48 cm, avrò abbastanza spazio sullo scaffale. Ho posizionato l'hub USB all'altra estremità dello scaffale.

View attachment 188370

Elenco delle parti
Ecco i pezzi che ho per questo progetto:
  • Mini-Circuits ZC16PD-222-S+ Splitter SMA a 16 porte (10-2200 MHz.)
  • Amplificatore a basso rumore Mini-Circuits ZHL-2010+ (50-1000 MHz).
  • Limitatore RF HP 5086-7261 (0-2500 MHz).
  • Ripiano rack ventilato 19x10 1U
  • Vari cavi SMA-SMA e SMA-BNC
  • Condensatore e induttore per il filtraggio della potenza
In passato non ho utilizzato molti dispositivi MiniCircuits, anche se ho visto i loro prodotti in alcune delle nostre installazioni di ripetitori e ricevitori. Ho anche scoperto che molti dei prodotti Stridsberg sono realizzati con componenti MiniCircuits.

Assemblea
Quando i componenti sono arrivati, ho iniziato ad assemblarli. Va sottolineato che non sono un tecnico, né tantomeno un ingegnere; mi considero un operatore di elettrodomestici a tutti gli effetti. Mi sono basato molto sull'esperienza di altri sui forum di RadioReference, in particolare di "prcguy". Mi aveva prestato un multiaccoppiatore che aveva costruito per confrontarlo con quello dello Stridsberg per circa una settimana, e poi mi ha guidato durante il processo di assemblaggio.

La prima cosa che ho fatto è stata montare lo splitter sul bordo posteriore del ripiano del rack. Questa è la parte con cui interagirò di più, quindi il suo posizionamento era la cosa più importante. Poi ho montato il connettore N accanto ad esso; è l'altro dispositivo con cui interagirò.

Ho quindi individuato la posizione per l'amplificatore. L'ho orientato in modo che l'ingresso fosse più vicino al connettore N e l'uscita più vicina all'ingresso dello splitter. Ho spazio per aggiungere uno o due attenuatori, se necessario, tra l'amplificatore e lo splitter. Se necessario, posso anche aggiungere una trappola FM in futuro, tra l'antenna e l'amplificatore.

Ho saldato un condensatore ai terminali di alimentazione dell'amplificatore come indicato e ho inserito un induttore tra l'amplificatore e il blocco di alimentazione. Ho utilizzato una morsettiera per proteggere i cavi dal movimento e ho collegato un cavo PowerPole alla mia ciabatta dalla morsettiera.

View attachment 188371

Ho quindi montato il ripiano con il mio multiaccoppiatore fatto in casa nel rack e ne ho approfittato per riorganizzare anche le radio. La riorganizzazione è per un altro forum, ma il risultato è stato gradevole.

View attachment 188372

Operazioni
Finora sembra funzionare esattamente come con lo Stridsberg, per quanto ne so senza attrezzatura di prova. Riesco a sentire tutto quello che sentivo prima, anche collegando l'antenna direttamente a una radio. Avevo investito molto in cavi BNC con la vecchia configurazione, quindi ho dovuto procurarmene di nuovi con connettori SMA. Un problema è che i connettori SMA sono piuttosto ravvicinati sullo splitter, quindi gli adattatori potrebbero non essere adatti. Per fortuna ho pensato in anticipo e ho acquistato i cavi di cui avrei avuto bisogno, ma ne serviranno comunque un paio in più perché alcuni sono troppo corti per la configurazione attuale. Ne avevo alcuni eccessivamente lunghi che per ora funzionano. Avevo già a portata di mano alcuni cavi BNC-SMA che usavo per collegare gli scanner con connettori SMA al multiaccoppiatore BNC, ora li uso solo al contrario.

Progetti futuri
Ho ordinato un paio di attenuatori diversi. Il mio guru mi ha consigliato di usare 3 dB, ma quando arriveranno, vedrò come funzionano con un paio di valori diversi. In assenza di attrezzatura di prova, devo provarli a orecchio e magari usare il display di spettro dell'R8600 per vedere cosa funziona meglio.

Sto anche arrivando con un lotto di connettori SMA ad angolo retto. Questo orienterà meglio i cavi in uscita dal multiaccoppiatore. Un paio di cavi che ho acquistato avevano gli angoli retti e avevo già alcuni adattatori, quindi ora posso avere tutti i cavi con angoli retti per soddisfare il mio OCD.

Avevo anche solo un terminatore per SMA, ne sto per acquistare un altro lotto per coprire eventuali porte inutilizzate sullo splitter.

Le 16 porte mi offrono molta flessibilità per aggiungere e togliere radio a seconda delle necessità. Ho una sola antenna scanner esterna, quindi devo sfruttarla al meglio.

Lo considero un investimento e dovrebbe durarmi a lungo, soprattutto perché posso aggiungere componenti con una certa facilità.

Grazie mille a "prcguy" qui su RadioReference, è stato di grande aiuto. Senza di lui non avrei saputo come collegare correttamente l'alimentazione. Tutti i suoi consigli sono stati azzeccatissimi!

Hi, first of all, thanks for sharing your project. I just ordered all the parts and can't wait to put it all together and try it out. I'm wondering if it's possible, and if you have any updates, please post them too. Thanks...
 

NYAirOne

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As a guy with a lot of scanners I have used multiple antennas and multiple multicouplers to feed up to 30 scanners and receivers at a time. While those days are in the past, I still have a sizable and varying fleet of scanners that float in and out of my shack. I still need to feed a bunch of radios.

In addition to the multiple radios, I have an HOA problem. This is actually the least of my current worries as I have a solution. My scanners share my TV antenna. The HOA cannot regulate a TV antenna by law, but there is nothing that says I cannot share that among other receivers, such as scanners. I have been using an Omni-X, Mil-Omni and an ST-2 with varying results and have settled on the Mil-Omni as my antenna of choice. Once the weather cools, I plan on replacing the plastic pipe currently used as a temporary mast with a real metal one and will replace the coax at the same time.

Why a multicoupler?
So, back to the multicoupler story: For those not familiar with them, a multicoupler allows one to connect many receivers to a single antenna. The multicoupler provides isolation between the radios, so they do not interfere with each other as well as amplification to overcome insertion loss that is inherent when placing things between the antenna and radio(s). Things like signal splitters, RF limiters (to protect from strong transmitters near the receive antenna) and lightning protectors all can add loss, as can the coax and jumpers that connect to the radios. These are more correctly called “Active Multicouplers” as they have amplifiers, these are designed to either have no realized gain or perhaps a little gain relative to connecting the antenna directly to the radio. The object of the amplifier is to overcome the insertion loss, not to increase the signal strength. There are also “Passive Multicouplers” without amplifiers, these do provide the same isolation but show a net loss.

Commercially manufactured multicouplers, like the Stridsberg line, allow one to connect from 2 to 16 radios to a single antenna. The Stridsberg’s, of which I am very familiar, are well known in the scanner community as well built, well supported and very functional. I have 4 8-port MCA804’s in my fleet, well, 3 now that I gave one to my friend Will. I still need more than 8 ports for my daily listening and logging so have used 2 8-ports, either stacked (with one plugged into the other) or on separate antennas.

I have considered getting one of the new Stridsberg 16-port units but after consulting with them it appears that it is basically 2 8-ports connected to a splitter. The initial splitter is passive (unamplified) while the two 8-port sections are separately amplified. They basically are a combination of a 2-port passive splitter feeding a pair of 8-port active multicouplers. You can purchase the items individually and save a few dollars over the cost of the 16-port unit. This however would show a net loss of signal since there is splitting before the amplifier.

When I discussed this in the RadioReference Forums a while back it was suggested that I could save some money and make my own multicoupler. Using parts from Mini-Circuits and others I could assemble a unit with the same or better performance as well as being able to upgrade or expand it as needed. The suggested components, a 16-port splitter and an amplifier come up on the used market, such as on eBay, from time to time. I have been leery of buying used components as I do not have the equipment to properly test them. I could get them and see if they work but I would not be able to tell is the amp is amping properly or the splitter is providing the isolation or has the same insertion loss as when new. In addition, I have not found the exact items I wanted since the initial discussion.

Accumulating the parts
For these reasons I decided to buy the parts new, at least for the most part. I ordered the splitter from Mouser as they were the only place that had them in stock, they had just the one and it appears that any more would have to wait until at least December, 5 months from this writing. I paid a bit more but those are the times we live in. The amplifier I bought directly from Mini-Circuits, they had them in stock and for less that other outlets.

I did buy one used component: the RF Limiter. These are common on eBay, and I found the one I wanted easily and for a reasonable price. I also ordered some cables, terminators and a rack shelf to mount the components on from Amazon and eBay sellers.

I already had some of the other components like the bulkhead N-Connector for the RF input and a barrier strip for the power.

All in I spent about $1100 for the amp, splitter, filter, cables, tray and other bits. If I had gambled on used parts I could have saved a boatload of money but I am happy I went with brand new components. Yes, it cost more but it was worth it to me and my peace of mind. It was also about $350 more than I would have paid for the 16-port Stridsberg. Spoiler alert: It all worked very well!

Putting the pieces together
I mounted the splitter on the rear of the tray, well actually the front but the tray is mounted to the rear of the cabinet so the SMA’s point to the rear. I also mounted a bulkhead N-Connector to the same rear (front?) of the tray. This is for the antenna input, it has a short SMA pigtail, ideal for this installation. That plugs into the RF limiter, which then plugs into the RF amplifier.

Since the splitter is about 9 inches wide and it will mount on a 19-inch shelf I will have plenty of room on the shelf. I put the USB hub on the other end of the shelf.

View attachment 188370

Parts List
Here are the parts I have for this project:
  • Mini-Circuits ZC16PD-222-S+ 16-port SMA splitter (10-2200 MHz.)
  • Mini-Circuits ZHL-2010+ Low Noise Amplifier, (50-1000 MHz.)
  • HP 5086-7261 RF Limiter, (0-2500 MHz.)
  • 19x10 ventilated 1u rack shelf
  • Various SMA-SMA and SMA-BNC cables
  • Capacitor and choke for power filtering
I have not really used a lot of MiniCircuits gear in the past although I have seen their products in some of our repeater and receiver installations. I also found out that many of the Stridsberg products are constructed with MiniCircuits components

Assembly
When the parts arrived, I started to assemble them. It should be noted that I am not a technician, much less an engineer, I consider myself a glorified appliance operator. I leaned heavily on the experience of others on the RadioReference Forums, especially “prcguy”. He had loaned me a multicoupler he built so I could compare it to the Stridsberg’s for a week or so and then held my hand thru this build process.

The first thing I did was to mount the splitter to the rear-facing edge of the rack shelf. This is the part that I will interact with the most, so its placement was the most important. I then mounted the N-Connector next to it; it is the other device that will be interacted with.

I then figured out a place for the amp. I oriented it so that the input was closer to the N-Connector and the output was closer to the splitter’s input. I have space to add an attenuator or two if needed between the amp and splitter. I also can add an FM trap if needed down the road between the antenna and amp.

I soldered a capacitor across the power terminals of the amp as directed as well as using a choke between the amp and power block. I used a terminal strip to protect against wire movement and ran a PowerPole cable to my power strip from the terminal block.

View attachment 188371

I then mounted the shelf with my homemade multicoupler in the rack and took advantage of this and rearranged the radios as well. The rearrangement is for a different forum, but it turned out nice.

View attachment 188372

Operations
So far it seems to work every bit as well as it did with the Stridsberg, as best I can tell without test equipment. I can hear all the things that I could before as well as by connecting the antenna directly to a radio. I had been heavily invested in BNC cables with the old setup, so I had to get some new ones with SMA’s. One issue is that the SMA connectors are pretty close together on the splitter so adapters might not fit. Thankfully I thought ahead and bought the cables I would need ahead of time, but I will still need a couple additional ones as some are too short for the current layout. I had some excessively long ones that work for now. I already had a few BNC-SMA cables on hand that I had been using to connect scanners with SMA connectors to the BNC multicoupler, I just use these the other way around now.

Future Plans
I have ordered a couple different attenuators. I have been advised by my guru that 3db should be about right but when they arrive, I will see how things work with a couple different values. Absent test equipment I have to try it by ear and perhaps use the R8600 spectrum display to see what works best.

I also have a batch of right-angle SMA connectors on the way. This will more properly orient the cables coming out of the multicoupler. A couple of the cables I bought had right-angles on them and I had a few adapters already, so now I can have all the cables with right angles to satisfy my OCD.

I also only had one terminator for SMA’s, I have a batch more on the way to cover any unused ports on the splitter.

The 16 ports give me a lot of flexibility to add and subtract radios as needed. I only have a single outside scanner antenna, so I have to make the most of it.

I look at this as an investment and it should last me a long time, especially since I can add components pretty easily.

Many thanks to “prcguy” here on RadioReference, he has been a huge help. I would not have known how to wire the power properly without him. All of his advice has been spot on!
Rich
Where do you get those nice braided coax cables from?
 
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